Gas dehydration system



Jan i7, 1950 l. H. CLEMENT GAS DEHYDRATION SYSTEM 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 20, 1945 mm H H W i u H 7 HH n n Hu u u n mm m m IH zmmmw \\\m u au Jan.. E7, 150 1. H. CLEMENT 2,494,644

GAS DEHYDRATION SYSTEM- Filed March 20, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 -m U- -m w mmm mmm mmm Hm n HH HH HH, www m mm mmm Mm mmm A\.i Si u-- Jan. E7, w50 l, H, CLEMENT 2,494,644

GAS DEHYDRATION SYSTEM 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March 20, 1945 Patented Jan. '17, i950 iis-:11': e

I GAS DEnYDRA'rioN SYSTEM IrvingH. Clement, River dge, N. J., assigner to Dielectric Products Company, Incorporated, a corporation of NewlJers'y` Application March zo, 1945, serial No. 583,779

4 Claims. (Cif. iss-4.1)

This invention relates generally to gas dehy- 'fgas storage chamber anda pressure reducing 'l dration systems and, more particularly, to an improved method of and means for dehydrating gas in a continuous supply system where the flow of any gas may be either continuous, as, for example, through apipe'line or system'with a large outlet or opening to the atmosphere, or

intermittent, as, for example, through a pipe linel or'system having only slight gas leakage to the atmosphere. In the'latter case the dehydration unit operates only intermittently toreplace the dry gas which has leaked out of the system and thereby maintains the desired pressure in the line or system.

Heretofore, various types of gas dehydration systems have been employed for continuously supplying dehydrated gas under pressure to a load system such as a gas lled, coaxial signal transmission line. In such a signal transmissionv between the coaxial conductors generally are dehydrated and maintained at a reasonably constant pressure to assure that the electrical characteri'stics of the transmission line remain constant under all operating conditions. drop 'in the pressure inside the line would markedly decrease the ash-over voltage while moisture in the gas would both decrease the flash-over voltage and increase the current creepage over the surface of the insulators supporting the inner conductor. Under normal operating conditions, where the line is substantially gas-tight or leaks very slightly, only intermittent renewal of the gas dielectric is required in order to keep the' desiredn pressure inside the line. In instances where the line joints mayibecome leaky due to continuous vibration or where leaks develop due to other damage to the line, the dehydrator sys- 1 tem is required to supply a continuous now ofdry Agas through the line in suicient quantity to maintain the desired pressure in the line and to assure'at all times that dry gas escapes through the leaks out to the atmosphere and thereby prevents any humid atmosphere or air containing llalve on its way to the transmission line. At the same time some of'the air at the high pressure, from the samepump, is passed throughthe sec- '5 o nd of these units duringan extended interval while heat isapplied to vaporize the moistureV which the silica gel in the second unit has adsorbed during a prior portion of the dehydration' 1 cycle. The heat and compressed air are applied 1o simultaneously for a period of time suliciently long to drive olf allof the adsorbed moisture andv to dry out all of the tubes and valves leading `from the unit to the atmosphere.

hausted or used up. By means of suitable electrically or manually operated control valves, one dehydration unit isA allowed to become completely line, air or other gaseous dielectrics interposed a0 restored to an active State while the other unitv is furnishing dehydrated gas to the coaxial transmission line or other load system.

In a typical dehydration system of the type described, the compressor is required to supply" A radical` 26. air at the pressure of 30 pounds per square inch continuously for a period of seven hours to the dehydration unit that is being reactivated. The useful operative period of one of these dehydratv ing units in its active state is twelve hours andk 30.A this constitutes one half cycle of operation of a program timer which controls the dehydrating.

system. During the last five hours of the halfcycle the compressor and the program timer motor start and stop at the demand of a pressure- 3.5 responsive electrical switch. Therefore if the line is reasonably gas-tight the compressor will run only intermittently and the last five hours then runs intermittently until the total time of compressor operation adds up to twelve hours.

Actually the compressor runs the full twelve hours free moisture from entering the line throughv tgof the program timer half-cycle;-seven hours con- -these leaky joints or damaged sections in the line.

. Heretofore, some of the udry gas supply systems employed for this purpose have utilized the de-` hydration characteristics of active silica gel for tinuously and v'e hours intermittently even though the transmission line is not leaking badly.

Furthermore during normal operation, the line' usually requires a pressure between 5 and 10 absorbing moisture from atmospheric air; 'In onerflf pounds per square inch. This means that the of such prior systems, two dehydration units con- Y pressure of from 30 to 40 pounds per square inch inside the unit must be reduced to 5 or 10 pounds` per square inch before the dried air enters the transmission line. The compressor is thus required to pump upto a cut-out pressure of aboutl After this extended heating period, the second unit is al- 15 lowed to cool back to room temperature and to remain idle until the rst unit has been exenge-ien S conduit 213 'includeslfa needle valve 1.5, :ffa'third gas lter Ilia rreducing zvalvell anda zmoisture indicator 8I "Theload `.line thence :provides dehydrated gas -at suitable rfpressureto: a-1coaxialline orgotherload system. "iff-desired, a gaspressure gauge i183 :may be connectedto fthe `lload lconduit adjacent-therreducing-valve'z'l or atany other desired point. A-conduit-iB is connectedfrom .the y load linelIsS 'tothe pressureswitchGB. 'f

Operation of prior artsys'tem The .cycle .of operationof the :system ,-iszcontrolledgjointly by agasipressureelectrical .switch forming `(a iportion .of .the '.unloader .valvea65 :and

iby :an electrical -Atimer mechanism f of :a ifconventional type, not shown.

In -the case of .continuousioperation ;of-the;unit,

forgproviding dehydratedgas undersuitable pressure toithe-coaxiahlineor ;other;load device, ratmospheric air enters the @compressor I, .passes.:

through the acompressor cooling ,coil3i9 and :also through the conduit 161 .tinto ,the f unloader valve 65. .At the outlet Lof the cooling coil i9 `thezcompressedfairflow is dividedntotwochannels, one

of which passes through v.the-leftfhand or alosorbingside of 'the system, =and the other of'which passesthrough vthe righthand orreactivating portion ofrthersystem for the-half-cycleof operation illustrated. The-air-,fiowing in thevahsorlcingI side of thesystemipassesthrough therst check valve II, enters the rst dehydration chamber 15V-.and is dehydrated :by the .silica geljjparticles therein. The dry vair leaves .the dehydration chamber-'I5 throughzthe-dust lterfSI and passes through .the

open solenoid-linewalve 35, check valve l69, -re- .i

serve airchamber 1 I needle valve ,'15, air :cleaner 1-"I, reducing valve 19,1and-moistureiindicator 8| to the loaddevice. The pressure supplied Ato the load device is lindicated bythe pressuregauge 83.

Simultaneously, -airowing inthe second Ichannel -sat the `outleteof the cooling coil 9 passes through the .Ysecondfcheck valve I3 into :the -second dehydration .chamber .-I l, AWhich-is nownbeing reactivated. Dueto `.suitable operation ofthe timer mechanism, Atheseeond heater coil V25` generates steam in the ,-'second dehydrationcell -I.'I. The steam is forced out of the eell-throughzthe second air lterA'I, the conduit-'49,-throughzthe yby-pass of the line valve 5I .andthrough-theiopen second .exhaust valvevr55. and 'second exhaustori- 50 Y repeated .in the .opposite directions, whereby the first `dehydration chamber I 5 A is .reactivated and the second dehydration chamber I'I supplies'dehydratedV gas to thenoutput load conduit. The second half-of the operating cycle is complete at `the end of Y anladditional twelve-hour interval.

k.In .systems` wherein the :coaxial line is-reasonably gas` tight, the jpressure,l in ithe Ventire system is maintained-.vat 'approximately thirty pounds per square inch, during reactivation, :by the action mits continuous'fl'ow ofairfthroughfthe reactivatingacellfduringthe=seven=hour reactivationfperiod while, 'by lmeans of a lpressure reducing valve,

maintaining fsuitable 'fpressurel in`y the f output load line. After'the l completion of ther-seven-'hourV reactivation interval, `vrthe compressor deliversl'air only at fthe y-demandrnf the :pressure switch `which controls `.the :power rior .the entire funit.

Consequently,f'the :las'tffive-hour interval-of-feach half ecycle of'foperation mayA extendiintermitten'tlyV overeia long interval/such as f several days, -fdepending upon 'the lgasleakage 'from the coaxialline.

Referring Ito Figures 2, "3,-and l4,!therinstant invention :comprises a .much simpler and more.

efficient dehydrationisystem which is illustrated in three separate stages of operation. Figures 2, 3,-4fare identical'except for theoperating conditions oi the vr.various control `valves which contr-o1 the operational-sequence of the various portions of thesystem. fIt will be seen-that'fthe airstor` age chamber 'YII andthe Apressure reducing'valve: I9 of Aprior--systems have heen deleted. 'The :dehydration 'cells I5, "II may ibe-of vsimilar type'ft vthose utiilzed in priorlsystems. Y

The improved :system The operating cycle of J'the instant "invention may loe mostclearlyindicated by considering first what happens when the dehydration system is operating to deliver :dry fair .rc'ontinuously to a badly leaking .signal transmission fline, andfsecond, when the .dehydrationsystem .is delivering dry air toa transmission. line .which is` reasonably gastight. FiguresZ, 13 .and4 illustrate respectivei ly .the three ,principal .stages nwhich, combined,

compriseafull half-.cycle of operationfof-theim- A iproved system. Figure .5 .shows 1the relative .con-

nections of. thef component parts `of `the dehydrator. control .elements into-the electrical :switching mechanism which, controls .the eleotricpower. er1- ergization of thelmotor, .compresson heaters and magneticeontrol valves. Y In ,the first case, when vthe `load `transmission line is leaking badly, atmospheric :airisrdrawn v into the compressor I, and delivered through aV pressure sw'ithl652'ian open'rst'line lvalve IUI :and a irstnnedcooling line ,-'I.03'into the second dehydrating'cellfll .Inthe second dehydrating celLI'I, the compressed airgives'up moisture to-the active silicafgell contained in the Cell. .The

dried air then fpasses out ofthe second dehydratcingcellrl'I through the'air lter 41, second air `check valve -I5, 'thevhumidityaindicator 8| andl thence ginto `the transmission line. The pressure indicator-Sais connectedtothe toutput conduitV the rstatwo -hours and -40 minutes that the air' ows,intoftheitransmisson line as describedfhere-- tofore,A the rstexhaust valve 39 is open, the second exhaust valve 55 fisclosed, and the -heater [Q z 'f in thefirst .dehydrationcell I5 is energized. The' heater I9 heats accumulated'moisture-inl the first dehydration cell .I 5,.the-steam thusyprodluced,v due to itsovm pressure, ,being .driven outl of 'thefsilica gel contained thereinandpassing out throughthe air )screen V3I, and rst exhaust valve 39. rlhe steaming out interval of the rst dehydration cell I5 continues 'for the full-reactivation period `of two `hours andfldminutes.

AThe compressor I alsorisconnected through the' oftheexhaustorices'.51vorfi4I. vrThis'actiongper- Impressum-switchf65ito -afsecond-line valve I'Il9and,

a second finned cooling conduit I I I to the first defy hydration cell I5. During the reactivation period of the rst dehydration cell I5, the second line valve |09 is closed. A by-pass line I|3 connecting the intake sides of the first and second cooling lines |03 and I|I includes a magnetically operable purge Valve H5 and a purge orifice II'I. During the reactivation period, when the heater I9 is energized to steam-out the first dehydration.

cell I5, the purge valve I I5 remains closed, hence the compressor need not operate except upon demand of the pressure switch 65 which is responsive to the pressure in the active portion of the system, and is dependent upon the degree of gas leakage from the load line.

Purging stage Referring to Figure 3, at the end of the reactivation period, the purge valve ||5 opens and allows some of the air from the compressor to pass through the purge orifice I I'I, through the by-pass line H3 and the second cooling conduit IH to purge the rst dehydration cell |5 by blowing atmospheric air therethrough and further exhausting the cell through the exhaust valve 39. The purge valve I |5 is held open for a period of about 20 minutes which is sufficient to purge the rst dehydration cell of residual moisture that may have condensed on the tubing walls or in the valves.

Cooling stage Referring to Figure 4, at the end of the purging period, the purge valve I I5 and first exhaust Valve 39 close and the rst heater I9 is deenergized.

Meanwhile, compressed air is permitted to flow through the second dehydration cell I1 to supply dry air to the coaxial line for an additional period of three hours, thus continuing the operation of the active portion of the system in the same manner as during the reactivation and purging pen riods. During this three-hour cooling period, the first dehydrating cell I5 is permitted to cool back to room temperature. The conclusion of the cooling period completes the first half cycle of operation of the system.

Second half-cycle of operation At the beginning of the second half-cycle of operation the first line valve IUI closes and the second line valve |09 opens. Also the second exhaust valve 55 opens and the second heater 25 in the second dehydration cell is energized. Thus atmospheric air at suitable pressure is pumped through the reactivated first dehydration cell I5 wherein it is dried by the reactivated silica gel contained therein. The dry air passes out of the reactivated cell I5 through the air lter 3| therein. Meanwhile, the first-check valve |95 has been closed and the second check valve H9 has been opened to permit dry air to pass from the first dehydration cell |5 through the humidity indicator 8| to the coaxial line conduit |01. Simultaneously, energization of the second heater 25 in the inactive dehydration cell II steams out the cell, exhausting the steam by its own vapor pressure through the open second exhaust valve 55. The

-reactivation, purge and cooling periods of the second dehydration cell II are similar to those for the first cell I5 during the first half-cycle of oper-1 ation described heretofore. Thus a complete cycle of operation wherein both dehydrating cells are employed successively to provide dry air to the coaxial line requires a total period of 12 hours.

However, it is emphasized that compressed air is supplied to the inactive dehydration cell only dur-v ingapproximately twenty minutes of each half--I cycle comprising the purging period thereof.

In the second case, when the transmission lineA is reasonably gas-tight, atmospheric air at suitable pressure from the compressor is .delivered to the transmission line through the active side of the system in the same manner as described heretofore. As usual, the compressor operates until the pressure in the transmission line reaches the cut-out pressure of the pressure switch 65', but, during the reactivation and purge periods, when the pressure switch 65 cuts out, it deenergizes only the compressor motor 3. Meanwhile, the timing mechanism operates continuously during the reactivation and purge periods. Therefore, regardless of the line pressure, the appropriate heater element is energized to steam out the inactive dehydration cell and the appropriate exhaust valve is open during the reactivation and purge periods of said cell.

Also, at the beginning of the purge period, the

purge Valve I5 opens to allow air to escape from the active to the inactive side of the system whether or not the compressor is operating, and to pass through the purge orifice III to provide air under suitable pressure lfor purging the inactive cell. When the escape of air through the purge orifice II'I causes the pressure in the active dehydration cell to drop below the cut-in value of the pressure switch 65', the compressor motor again is-energized by the action of the pressure switch. By suitable selection or adjustment of the purge orice and pressure switch, the compressor may be required to operate only intermittently during the purge period. At the end of the purge period the heater element in the inactive dehydration cell is deenergized, and the approproate exhaust valve and purge valve are closed. Thereafter the timer motor is operated under control of the pressure switch 65' and the compressor and timer operate only when the coaxial line pressure drops below the predetermined cut-out pressure of the pressure switch. Thus the three-hour cooling period for the inactive cell may extend over a period of days depending upon the gas-tight characteristics of the transmission line.

After the timer motor has actually run for a full six hours, including the reactivation, purge and cooling periods for the inactive cell, the second half of the cycle is repeated as described heretofore. The second half of the cycle may extend for a different total time period, but in any event, corresponds to six hours of timer motor operation.

Figure 5 shows the electrical connections of the compressor motor, pressure switch, timer motor,l

timer contacts, heater elements and magnetic control valves to accomplish the cyclic operation described heretofore.

Y The graph of Figure 6 indicates the time intervals during which each of the contacts of the timer mechanism remain closed to accomplish the required operation of the various elements of the system. For example, referring to Figures 5 and 6, it will be seen that during the first threevalveil. This contactcondition continuesfor -conta'ctsiA CvandB-aregopened and 'cor-itact- F remainsclosedoran.-additionalithreeehounperiodldiiringwhich the-iirstlir'reivalve MIIB`y remains open. During this second three-hour period the timer motor is energized only in response to operation of the pressure switch 65', whereby said second three-hour interval of operation may actually continue for a much longer period depending upon the gas-tight characteristics of the coaxial line. The closing of the pressure switch also controls the operation of the compressor motor 3 as described heretofore.

At the conclusion of the rst six hours of actual timer motor operation, contact F is opened and the second half of the operational cycle commences. Contacts C, E, and D are closed for a period of three hours whereby the timer motor I2I again is energized, the second exhaust valve 55 is opened and the second heater element 25 in the second dehydration cell I1 is energized. Also the rst line valve IUI is closed and the second line valve |09 is opened, thereby permitting dehydrated air to be supplied to the coaxial line through the iirst dehydration cell I5.

At the conclusion of an additional two hours and 40 minutes, contact B also is closed for a period of 20 minutes, thereby opening the purge valve II5 to purge the second dehydration cell II. At the conclusion of the third three-hour interval, contacts C, B and E are opened thereby deenergizing the timer motor, closing the :purge valve I I5 and also closing the second exhaust valve 55 and deenergizing the Second heater element 25.

Thence the only contact remaining closed for the fourth three-hour interval is contact D which continues to energize and hold open the second line valve |09. Thus the operation of the timer motor |2I during the fourth three-hour operational period is under control of the pressure switch 65 which energizes the timer motor only when the compressor is in operation. As in the second quarter of the operational cycle, the fourth three-hour operational period actually may extend over a much longer time interval depending upon the demand :placed on the system for gas replenishment of the coaxial line due to leakage.

It should be understood that during the periods when the contacts A or E are closed, the heater elements I9 or 25 will be selectively energized in response to operation of the thermostatic switches 2l, 21 respectively, in order to prevent over-heating of the dehydration cellsy I5,l'l.

Thus the invention described and claimed herein comprises a simplied dual channel dehydration system wherein a continuous supply of dehydrated gas may be furnished to a load, and wherein one channel is reactivated while the other channel is supplying dehydrated gas. During the reactivation period, the inactive cell is steamed out due to steam pressure generated therein, then the cell is purged for a relatively short interval by compressed gas derived from the remainder of the system. At the conclusion of the purging interval the inactive cell is gas sealed and permitted to cool to room temperature. At the conclusion of the reactivation, purging and cooling` intervals, suitable valving means responsive to a conventional' timer mechanism are operated to yfurnish, dehydrated. air. through:u the. reactivated cell and reactivate the remainingcell which-heretofore has been supplyingdehydrated gas.

1. The method of furnishing dehydrated:y gas underfpressure.forspecial purposes, suchias'ifor a o oi-axialnradioftransmission. line', through. the

medium of a pair of dehydrating cells connected to the line and which cells contain an adsorbent material, the cells also being connected to a compressor of a suitable gas such as air, which consists in reactivating one of said cells while the other is delivering dehydrated gas to the load, said reactivation comprising the following steps, first closing off the cell from the source of compressed gas, then heating the adsorbent material inside the cell for a predetermined time to drive off under its own pressure the accumulated moisture therein, then purging the cell by forcing a suitable gas therethrough for a very short interval of time, then shutting oii the gas and heat and allowing the cell to cool so as to be ready to be connected to said line while the other cell is reactivated.

2. The method of furnishing dehydrated gas under pressure for special purposes, such as for a co-axial radio transmission line, through the medium of a pair of dehydrating cells connected to the line and which cells contain an adsorbent material, the cells also being connected to a compressor of a suitable gas such as air, which consists in reactivating one of said cells while the other is delivering dehydrated gas to the loads, said reactivation comprising the following steps, rst, closing ofi the cell from the source of compressed gas, then heating the adsorbent material from inside the cell for a period of time ranging from two to three hours to drive off under its own pressure the moisture within the cell and adsorbent material, then purging the cell by forcing a suitable gas therethrough for a short period of time ranging around twenty minutes, then shutting oiT the gas and heat and allowing the cell to cool.

3. A gas dehydration system composed of a gas compressor, a load controlled pressure switch connected to the output of the compressor, a pair of dehydration cells, each having its intake directly connected to said pressure switch through an electrically operated line control valve, a shunt around said control valves including an electrically operable purge valve and an orice, each cell having its output connected directly to an electrically operated exhaust valve and to a check valve the latter of which are connected in parallel to the load line, each cell having an internal electrical heater and governing thermostat and a timing device to control the periods of operation of the system.

4. A gas dehydration system as set forth in claim 3 further dened in general in that the apparatus system is adjustable to wor-k in two half cycles of three periods each, said periods comprising a reactivation stage of approximately two hours and forty minutes, a purging stage of about twenty minutes followed by a cooling stage of approximately three hours, said stages being carried out substantially as dened herein.

IRVING H. CLEMENT.

; (References on following page) Il REFERENCES CITED The following references ar ofV record in the 'le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Ccoke Nov. 12, 1907 Daubine Apr. 7, 1914 Number j 1,872,783 1,887 ,589 2,075,036 2,083,732 2,101,555 2,259,749 2,322,603

Thumin' June 22, 1943 

